Monthly time series of leptospirosis cases from 2007 to 2023 for the entire country. The blue lines indicate the months with the highest number of cases, which occurred in October 2007 (a), July 2009 (b), November 2010 (c), and October 2011 (d).

Antzeko izenburuak

• Total cases per municipality for the period 2007–2023 (a), and average Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) of leptospirosis per municipality for the same period (b).
  nork: Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)
  Argitaratua: (2025)
• Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) with the hypothesized causal relationships between the episodes of El Niño and La Niña (exposure variable) and the excess cases of leptospirosis (outcome variable).
  nork: Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)
  Argitaratua: (2025)
• Episodes of the ENSO cycle according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Tokyo Climate Center (TCC), the Meteorological Office of the Australian Government (MOAG), and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies of Colombia (IDEAM), between 2007 and 2023.
  nork: Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)
  Argitaratua: (2025)
• Robustness tests to evaluate the estimate of the effect on excess leptospirosis cases for the three scenarios analyzed. Statistical significance is shown in parentheses (p-value); a p-value < 0.05 indicates the presence of remaining bias in the estimate; p-values < 0.05 are shown in bold.
  nork: Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)
  Argitaratua: (2025)
• Atmospheric and oceanic indices included as potential confounders.
  nork: Juan David Gutiérrez (6511763)
  Argitaratua: (2025)