Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling along a) the first and second axes, b) the first and third axes and c) the second and third axes, outlining differences in bacterial assemblages between the eggs of various waterbird species and water samples (nMDS stress = 0.19).

<p>The symbols in the figure legend indicate species identity and nesting strategy (circles for dry-nesters and triangles for wet-nesters), while the water samples are represented by cross symbols. Species of the family Anatidae (ducks, swans and geese) are highlighted using open circles.</...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Wouter F. D. van Dongen (22264939) (author)
Other Authors:	Hanja B. Brandl (8949839) (author), Alžbeta Darolová (407980) (author), Ján Krištofík (407979) (author), Herbert Hoi (295931) (author)
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Microbiology Evolutionary Biology Ecology Inorganic Chemistry Infectious Diseases Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified affect embryonic health advanced genetic approaches bacterial assemblages tended higher bacterial loads nesting &# 8217 associated bird species eggshell bacterial assemblages bacterial assemblages bacterial loads individual health genetic techniques associated bacteria &# 8216 bacterial load bacterial culture bacterial acquisition vertical transmission transmitted bacteria therefore expected terrestrial birds several orders promising direction parental incubation nesting strategy nesting strategies nesting species nesting material moist environments may characterise magnitude greater including habitat horizontal transmission findings suggest findings highlight external factors eggshell penetration eggshell bacteria direct contact developing embryos critical role comprehensive sampling assemblage structure antimicrobial adaptations also lead
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Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling along a) the first and second axes, b) the first and third axes and c) the second and third axes, outlining differences in bacterial assemblages between the eggs of various waterbird species and water samples (nMDS stress = 0.19).

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