Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of caged adult summer worker bees over time after inoculation with A. low (1 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/bee)B. Medium (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/bee) and C. high doses (1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/bee) of <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 on day 1.

Median ± IQR <i>M. plutonius</i> bacterial load (CFU/bee) of caged adult summer worker bees over time after inoculation with A. low (1 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/bee)B. Medium (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/bee) and C. high doses (1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/bee) of <i>M. plutonius</i> 2019BC1 on day 1.

<p>Each circle represents the bacterial load determined by qPCR in CFU/bee (n = 9 bees per day). *, **, *** indicate significant differences from D3 with P < 0.05, < P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively.</p>

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Midhun Sebastian Jose (19336846) (author)
Other Authors:	Marina Carla Bezerra da Silva (19336849) (author), Oleksii Obshta (16904086) (author), Fatima Masood (14519666) (author), Jenna M. Thebeau (14519657) (author), Sarah Biganski (14519669) (author), Muhamad Fahim Raza (21354479) (author), Marcelo Polizel Camill (21354482) (author), E.E. Tellarini Prieto (21354485) (author), Thanuri Edirithilake (21354488) (author), Ivanna Kozii (16904101) (author), Igor Moshynskyy (6452336) (author), Elemir Simko (4730625) (author), Sarah C. Wood (4730634) (author)
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Microbiology Geology Ecology Immunology Cancer Infectious Diseases Virology three used antibiotics least 24 days div >< p also widely used apis mellifera </ melissococcus plutonius </ colonized adult workers within field colonies adult worker survival plutonius </ field colonies infected workers adult bees temporal dynamics taken together north america infected summer findings indicate european foulbrood dependent decrease approved antimicrobial antimicrobial control >, even
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