Entropy-Driven Amino Acid-Based Coacervates with Enzyme-Free Metabolism and Prebiotic Robustness

Protocells capable of nonenzymatic metabolism and environmental adaptation are essential models for understanding the emergence of cellular life. However, existing protocell designs often lack the robustness or prebiotic relevance to explain how functional supramolecular assemblies could have formed...

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Autor Principal:	Shuai Cao (775058) (author)
Outros autores:	Guangle Li (4458430) (author), Peng Zhou (116747) (author), Ehud Gazit (231491) (author), Xuehai Yan (591222) (author), Chengqian Yuan (4746615) (author)
Publicado:	2025
Subjects:	Biophysics Biochemistry Cell Biology Genetics Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified Information Systems not elsewhere classified sustaining biochemical complexity structures autonomously generate stress tolerance within geochemically plausible pathway exhibit exceptional resilience driven amino acid compact spherical morphologies also adaptively remodel 6 – 2 sudden environmental changes early earth conditions prebiotic pigment synthesis including sulfur metabolism δph ≈ 0 form membraneless protocells sup >+</ sup prebiotic conditions environmental adaptation prebiotic relevance nonenzymatic metabolism free metabolism work highlights synergistic effect selective enrichment results establish proton gradient nonenzymatic catalysis mediated hydrogen living systems interfacial acceleration integrating compartmentalization high salinity functional protocells free reactions extraterrestrial bodies essential models energy transduction divalent cations coacervation process cellular life bridge nonliving bonding networks based systems based microcompartments based coacervates antiport activity
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Entropy-Driven Amino Acid-Based Coacervates with Enzyme-Free Metabolism and Prebiotic Robustness

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