Maternal par2a mutant embryos display impaired egg activation events and cell division defects.

A: Nomarski images of naturally fertilized and unfertilized, activated eggs from WT, mild and severe par2a mutant females. Chorion elevation and blastodisc formation are variably disrupted. B: Changes in the ratio of chorion lift to e...

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التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي:	Jiajia Ma (525489) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون:	Tom J. Carney (1710409) (author)
منشور في:	2025
الموضوعات:	Biophysics Biochemistry Microbiology Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Pharmacology Developmental Biology Cancer Science Policy Infectious Diseases Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified sup >++</ sup later blastula cytokinesis failed chorion elevation egg immediately prior activated receptor 2a div >< p critical mechanisms exist vertebrate egg activation failed egg activation serine protease activity zebrafish egg activation egg activation serine proteases protease receptor mechanisms employed critical regulator zebrafish protease zebrafish eggs mediated activation transverse across successful initiation strong evidence severe disruption restoring ca ooplasmic segregation mutants progress long implicated gamete pronuclei endoplasmic reticulum direct injection cleavage furrows also results
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الوصف
الملخص:	<p><b>A:</b> Nomarski images of naturally fertilized and unfertilized, activated eggs from WT, mild and severe <i>par2a</i> mutant females. Chorion elevation and blastodisc formation are variably disrupted. <b>B:</b> Changes in the ratio of chorion lift to embryo size of naturally fertilized WT, mild and severe <i>par2a</i> mutant eggs at different time points over an hour postactivation, n=51; t-test; *** = <i>p</i><0.001. <b>C</b>: Confocal images of F-actin (magenta) and cortical granule (CG Content; green) distribution in naturally fertilized WT (left), <i>par2a</i> mild (middle), and <i>par2a</i> severe (right) mutant eggs at 30 mpf. <i>par2a</i> mutants show retention of F-actin meshwork that correlates with retention of CGs at cortex. <b>D</b>: Quantification of CG content staining at cortex in fertilized WT, mild and severe <i>par2a</i> mutant eggs at 30 mpf. <i>n</i> = 7, 3, 4; Mann–Whitney test; * = <i>p</i><0.05; = <i>p</i><0.01. <b>E</b>: Fluorescent eGFP superimposed on Nomarski image of naturally fertilized WT and mild <i>par2a</i> mutants injected with fluorescent latex beads at the vegetal pole (left column). Bead movement is recorded 1 h later (right column). Arrowheads highlight latex bead position. <b>F</b>: Average distance traveled by injected fluorescent latex beads over 1 h in naturally fertilized WT and mild <i>par2a</i> mutant eggs. <i>n</i> = 5; Mann–Whitney test; = <i>p</i><0.001. Scale bars: A, E = 200 µm; C = 20 µm. See file <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003181#pbio.3003181.s016" target="_blank">S1 Data</a> for underlying data.</p>

Maternal <i>par2a</i> mutant embryos display impaired egg activation events and cell division defects.

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