(a) Inter-individual distance (m) for groups (n = 10 per condition) of five carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) during experimental trials under ambient and masked conditions; and median inter-individual distance ± median absolute deviation over time during ambient control (AMB-C: solid line) and treatment (dash-dotted line) conditions.

مواد مشابهة

• (<i>a</i>) Orientation (°) for groups (n = 10 per condition) of five carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) during experimental trials under ambient and masked conditions; and median orientation ± median absolute deviation over time during ambient control (AMB-C: solid line) and treatment (dash-dotted line) conditions: (<i>b</i>) ambient low SPL (‘AMB-LOW’); (<i>c</i>) ambient intermediate SPL (‘AMB-INT’); (<i>d</i>) ambient high SPL (‘AMB-HIGH’); (<i>e</i>) masking low SPL (‘MASK-LOW’); (<i>f</i>) masking intermediate SPL (‘MASK-INT’); and (<i>g</i>) masking high SPL (‘MASK-HIGH’). Notes: ‘SPL’ is Sound Pressure Level, while ‘MASK-C’ is the masking control. Lower orientation values represent greater alignment. Raincloud plots show main summary statistics (i.e., boxplot with median, interquartile range, max/min), kernel density estimate (i.e., shaded grey area indicating probability density function of the variable), and raw data (i.e., points). As individual trials consist of repeated meas
  حسب: Helen A. L. Currie (21702997)
  منشور في: (2025)
• (<i>a</i>) Swimming speed (m s^-1) for groups (n = 10 per condition) of five carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) during experimental trials under ambient and masked conditions; and median swimming speed ± median absolute deviation over time during the ambient control (“AMB-C”: solid line) and treatment (dash-dotted line) conditions: (<i>b</i>) ambient low SPL (‘AMB-LOW’); (<i>c</i>) ambient intermediate SPL (‘AMB-INT’); (<i>d</i>) ambient high SPL (‘AMB-HIGH’); (<i>e</i>) masking low SPL (‘MASK-LOW’); (<i>f</i>) masking intermediate SPL (‘MASK-INT’); and (<i>g</i>) masking high SPL (‘MASK-HIGH’). Notes: ‘SPL’ is Sound Pressure Level, while ‘MASK-C’ is the masking control. Raincloud plots show main summary statistics (i.e., boxplot with median, interquartile range, max/min), kernel density estimate (i.e., shaded grey area indicating probability density function of the variable), and raw data (i.e., points). As individual trials consist of repeated measures over time, for each co
  حسب: Helen A. L. Currie (21702997)
  منشور في: (2025)
• Example power spectral density (dB re 1 µPa² Hz^-1) of acoustic conditions within the experimental area (sampling rate: 25.6 kHz; FFT size 8192 [3 Hz bin width], overlap 91.5%, von Hann Window, frequency range 50-5000 Hz) for (<i>a</i>) baseline ambient noise conditions (bottom grey line) with masking broadband noise (120–3000 Hz) conditions (top black line); and (<i>b</i>) 170 Hz tonal stimuli; and (<i>c</i>) insonified experimental area showing the dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio (SNR [dB]) in the1/3^rd octave band at 13.5 cm depth.
  حسب: Helen A. L. Currie (21702997)
  منشور في: (2025)
• (<i>a</i>) Number of individuals within a group of five carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) exhibiting a startle response during experimental trials (n) at the onset of tonal stimuli under ambient conditions; and (<i>b</i>): number of continuous startle responses from the onset of tonal stimuli under ambient conditions, by at least one individual fish within a group of five carp: AMB-LOW (110 dB re 1 µPa), AMB-INT (121 dB re 1 µPa), and AMB-HIGH (130 dB re 1 µPa), (RMS) displayed. Note: ** indicates significance of p < 0.01; * significance of p < 0.05; and NS symbolises non-significance for Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests ([a] χ2 = 30.88; d.f. = 3; p < 0.01 & [b] χ2 = 30.854; d.f. = 3; p < 0.01, respectively) with <i>post hoc</i> Dunn-Bonferroni tests. Note: for (b), raincloud plots show main summary statistics (i.e., boxplot with median, interquartile range, max/min), raw data (i.e., points), and kernel density estimate (i.e., shaded grey area indicating probability density function of th
  حسب: Helen A. L. Currie (21702997)
  منشور في: (2025)
• Ambient and masking treatment parameters (and abbreviations) used in an experiment designed to investigate the response of fish to tonal acoustic stimuli in the presence of a high intensity background masking noise. Note: ‘SPL (RMS)’ is the Root Mean Square sound pressure level.
  حسب: Helen A. L. Currie (21702997)
  منشور في: (2025)